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便血當前位置: 大連肛腸醫院 > 醫院動態 >

大連胃部健康息肉類疾病始于養護

在范圍內,胃癌發病率在男性惡性腫瘤中僅次于肺癌占第二位,在女性惡性腫瘤中居第四位。在我國,胃癌是較常見的惡性腫瘤之一,死亡率居惡性腫瘤首位,年平均死亡率為每10萬人口中有25.53人,高發年齡在50歲以上,男女比率為2比1。為了讓廣大讀者了解并掌握胃部惡性腫瘤的有效防治方法,

胃癌導致因素

目前,胃癌的確切病因不十分明確,但與以下因素有關:

地域環境及飲食生活因素胃癌發病有明顯的地域性差別,我國的發病率明顯增高。另外,食用熏烤、鹽腌食品的人群中胃遠端癌發病率高,與食品中亞硝酸鹽、真菌霉素、多環芳烴化合物等致癌物或前致癌物含量高有關。食物中缺乏新鮮蔬菜、水果與發病有一定關系。吸煙者的胃癌發病危險較不吸煙者高50%。

幽門螺桿菌感染我國胃癌高發區成人螺桿菌感染率在60%以上,比低發區13%~30%的螺桿菌感染率明顯增高。幽門螺桿菌能促使硝酸鹽轉化為亞硝酸鹽及亞硝酸胺而致癌;螺桿菌感染引起胃黏膜慢性炎癥并通過加速黏膜上皮細胞的過度增生導致畸形致癌。幽門螺桿菌的毒性產物可能具有促癌作用。

癌前病變胃的癌變條件是指一些使胃癌發病危險性增高的良性胃疾病和病理改變。易發生胃癌的胃疾病包括胃息肉、慢性萎縮性胃炎及胃部分切除后的殘胃。

遺傳和基因遺傳與分子生物研究表明,胃癌病人有血緣關系的親屬其胃癌發病率較對照組高4倍。

早期大多沒有典型的臨床表現

胃癌早期多無典型臨床表現,出現以下癥狀要及時到醫院就醫:

上消化道癥狀是胃癌較常見也是較容易被忽略的癥狀。病人常有上腹部癥狀,包括上腹部不適、心窩部隱痛、食后飽脹感等。隨著病情的發展,病人可逐漸出現上腹部疼痛加重、食欲不振、消瘦、乏力,甚至因癌灶浸潤胃周圍血管引起消化道出血,或因幽門部分或完全性梗阻導致嘔吐等。此時雖診斷容易但已是晚期,治好性治療較為困難,且效果不佳。

惡心與嘔吐多為胃癌晚期幽門梗阻所致,嘔吐物多為隔夜宿食和不含膽汁的胃液。賁門癌和高位小彎癌可有進食哽噎感。

嘔血與便血因癌灶侵胃壁血管所引起。出血的速度和出血量的不同,病人可以出現嘔吐和黑便。如出血時間較長或出血量較大,病人可出現缺鐵性貧血。

應當特別提醒的是,出現以上癥狀者,也不必過度緊張,一定要到醫院做詳細的檢查,在少數情況下,胃部良性潰瘍、胃肉瘤、胃良性腫瘤及慢性胃炎也會出現類似的癥狀,只有通過醫生做X線鋇餐或B超或胃鏡檢查方能確定診斷。

治療方案因人而異

胃癌的治療方法已經進入了個體化時代,應該根據病人的具體情況,選擇治效果果好、能夠較大限度減輕病人痛苦的人文化的治療方案。

胃癌有效的治療方法是外科手術切除。但胃癌切除的手術適應癥有三點要求:原發癌灶能夠充分切除;胃周圍淋巴結能夠有效清除;腹腔游離癌細胞和微小轉移灶能夠完全消滅者。

另外,化學治療、放射治療、免疫治療、中藥治療、基因治療、心理方法也是綜合治療胃癌的方法。可以根據病人的具體情況而定。比如,樊先生感覺腹部不適,用些治療胃區的藥物就緩解,一直按胃炎治療。三個月后出現進食嘔吐,消瘦,B超檢查提示胃癌晚期,CT檢查已經發生骨轉移。當時他60歲,家屬治療意見不統一,較終還是選擇了手術治療,術后出現了感染,他在完全清醒的狀態下,熬了一個月,痛苦地離世。

在胃癌的治療方案選擇方面,醫生應根據病人的情況選擇,但要征得家屬的同意。有的患者早期手術治效果果確實很好。有一位83歲的老先生,20年前因老伴患直腸癌,心情抑郁,半年后出現便血癥狀,被診斷為胃賁門癌,胃切除四分之三,癌變沒有發生轉移,現在仍像正常人一樣生活。

像上述那樣已經發生了骨轉移的病人,抵抗力降低,一般手術效果不會太理想。家屬應該聽從醫生勸慰,選擇盡量減少病人痛苦、非手術的治療方案。如果有條件,病人可以到醫院接受免費止痛藥物治療、心理疏導治療、對癥支持治療,在生命的彌留之際,充分感受到社會的關愛和溫暖,坦然地面對死亡。

四種胃炎的發展結果

由于各種胃炎的病理改變不同,其發展結果也不一樣。

慢性淺表性胃炎:是臨床上較多見的一種。胃黏膜病變較輕,其癥狀可輕可重,重者出現腹痛、腹脹、惡心、嘔吐,輕者僅有上腹不適感。只要去除發病誘因,臨床癥狀大多可緩解,只有少數癥狀明顯的患者,需要藥物治療。慢性淺表性胃炎可治好,但也有少數人可發展為糜爛性胃炎或轉變為萎縮性胃炎,一般不會發生惡變。

糜爛性胃炎:常是在慢性淺表性胃炎基礎上發生的一種胃黏膜急性炎癥改變。可因服用阿司匹林、保泰松、消炎痛等藥物,或酗酒、休克等引起。患者可有出血或較重的上腹痛癥狀,經抗酸藥或胃黏膜保護劑治療,大部分病人可治好,少數患者可發展為胃潰瘍。

膽汁反流性胃炎:是因為堿性的膽汁逆流入胃,破壞了胃黏膜屏障引起的。大多發生在胃部分切除的患者,也是一種可逆性病變,只有消除膽汁反流,此病才有望治好。

萎縮性胃炎:是所有胃炎中治療較棘手的一種。其發生率與年齡有關,隨著年齡的增長,發病率呈上升趨勢,故有些學者認為此病為老年病。根據病變部位及一種稱為壁細胞抗體的物質是否陽性,將萎縮性胃炎分為A、B兩型,A型病變發生在胃體,壁細胞抗體陽性;B型病變主要在胃竇,壁細胞抗體陰性。在我國以B型多見。萎縮性胃炎難于治好,大多帶病終生,極少數可發展成胃癌,有人統計患萎縮性胃炎10年后的癌變率在6%以下。

秋季養好胃

秋涼,胃病易多發與反復。胃腸道對寒冷的刺激非常敏感,如果防護不當,就會引發胃腸道疾病或使原有的胃病加重。秋季該如何養護胃呢?要領有五:

①保暖。患有慢性胃炎的人,要特別注意胃部的保暖,適時增添衣服,夜晚睡覺蓋好被褥。另外,胃病患者“秋凍”要適度,不要勉強。

②調養。胃病患者的秋季飲食應以溫、軟、淡、素、鮮為宜,做到定時定量,少食多餐,使胃中經常有食物和胃酸進行中和,從而防止侵蝕胃粘膜和潰瘍面而加重病情。

③忌嘴。胃病患者要注意忌嘴,不吃過冷、過燙、過硬、過辣、過粘的食物,更忌暴飲暴食,戒煙禁酒。另外,服藥時應注意服用方法,較好飯后服用,以防刺激胃粘膜而導致病情惡化。

④靜心。胃病、十二指腸潰瘍等癥的發生與發展,與人的情緒、心態密切相關。因此,要講究心理衛生,保持精神愉快和情緒穩定。避免緊張、焦慮、惱怒等不良情緒的刺激。

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大連金州肛腸醫院,是遼寧地區最早的一家專業治療肛腸類疾病的專科醫院,擁有強大的醫師團隊和先進的醫療設備,本院提醒您如您有腹瀉、便秘、肛瘺、肛裂或痔瘡等疾病,請您及時就醫,盡快治療。醫師咨詢熱線:

無假日醫院
上午08:00~下午20:00
大連金州肛腸醫院——遼寧地區最權威的肛腸醫院
乘車路線:32、38路到肛腸醫院下車;3、31、62 路到苗莊小區下車往東200米
地址:遼寧省大連市金州區肛腸69號 版權所有:大連金州肛腸醫院
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